
Couplings are essential mechanical components used to connect two rotating shafts in mechanical systems, enabling the transmission of torque while accommodating minor misalignments, vibration and thermal displacement. There are several common types of couplings with distinct functional characteristics to suit diverse industrial operating conditions. Rigid couplings feature a simple and sturdy structure that ensures precise shaft alignment and efficient power transmission, ideal for systems with fixed alignment and minimal vibration. Flexible couplings are more widely applied as they can effectively compensate for axial, radial and angular misalignments between shafts, reducing mechanical wear and absorbing operational vibration. Additionally, specialized couplings such as damping and safety couplings serve unique purposes, with the former mitigating vibration and noise and the latter preventing equipment damage by limiting excessive torque. Proper selection of coupling types based on working load, movement range and operational environment is critical to stabilizing mechanical operation and extending equipment service life.