
Couplings are essential mechanical components widely applied in mechanical transmission systems, serving to connect two shafts and transmit rotational power while bringing distinct practical benefits and unavoidable drawbacks. On the positive side, they effectively compensate for axial, radial and angular misalignments between connected shafts caused by installation errors or operational vibration, reducing mechanical friction and wear of core equipment. They also buffer vibration and impact loads during operation, stabilize the overall transmission system, and protect precision mechanical parts from damage, greatly extending the service life of mechanical devices. Additionally, couplings simplify equipment assembly and maintenance by allowing convenient shaft connection and disconnection. Nevertheless, they have inherent limitations. Most coupling structures introduce minor power loss during torque transmission, lowering overall mechanical efficiency. Long-term continuous operation will cause natural aging and wear of coupling materials, leading to loose connection, increased operational noise and even transmission failure if not inspected and replaced timely. Some flexible couplings also require regular lubrication and maintenance, raising routine operation costs.